Tuesday, 23 December 2014

Amidst Challenges, NHRC Struggles to Defend Human Rights

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In a country where human rights violations abound, any institution saddled with the responsibility of ensuring that people's rights are not violated and providing remedies for such violations certainly has its job cut out.

Such is the fate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). Established in 1995 by the most unlikely person, General Sani Abacha, the Commission got the much needed boost in 2011 when the President, Dr Goodluck Jonathan signed into law the National Human ‎Rights Commission Amendment Act.

From a humble beginning in 1996 when the Commission received only 41 petitions, the Commission has continued to grow steadily. In 2013 it received 26, 067 petitions. However, given the population of Nigeria and the level of atrocities, that figure shows that Nigerians are not yet confident that they can get a remedy from the Commission. As we await the statistics of petitions filed in 2014, ‎ there are signs that many are turning to the commission for help.

In line with its new powers, the Commission in 2013 held its first ever public inquiries in the case of Global ‎Rights, Nasiru Adamu and Others vs Federal Republic of Nigeria and Others over allegations of extra-judicial killings of squatters at Apo Legislative Quarters by security forces.

In a decision rendered this year, the Commission made a bold statement to all security agencies ‎that it was no longer going to be business as usual.

Until the appointment of Chidi Odinkalu as the Chairman of the Governing Council of the NHRC, the Commission had no Standing Order and Rules of Procedures governing the procedure for handling petitions submitted to it.

Following mass demolitions of houses across the country, the Commission held public hearings in selected states among the six geographical zones. The report of these hearings is yet to be published.
In order to make the submission of petitions easier, the Commission made arrangements with the Nigerian Postal Service to collect petitions free from petitioners and transmit them to the Commission who will in turn pay for the service.

Within a short time, NHRC has repositioned itself as the foremost institution to approach for complaints over human rights abuses. Even the politicians have taken notice. The Governor of Rivers State, RotimiAmaechi wrote a petition to the Commission against former Police Commissioner in the state, Mr. Joseph Mbu. Mrs. Clara Chime, wife of the Enugu State Governor, Sullivan Chime also wrote to the commission alleging false imprisonment.

Despite the strong showing recorded by the Commission, challenges remain. For a Commission with such  enormous powers and responsibilities, funding remains inadequate.

Secondly, many of its staff lack the capacity to perform their jobs effectively. Some of the staff simply have no business being at the Commission. In this wise, training to boost the capacity of the workers is recommended.TheCommission may also have to source for funding abroad and find sponsors to train its staff.

The Commission also has to establish a department to communicate with petitioners. Too many people complain that they did not get any feedback from the Commission on their petitions. When a petition is inadmissible, the Commission should write to the petitioner and inform him of this fact. There is the need to keep on informing petitioners about the progress of their petitions. Many of the petitioners are happy to know that an institution is listening to them and attending to their complaints.

NHRC also ‎needs to connect with civil society organisations. This will make the Commission's job a lot easier. Without these organisations, reaching out to the people will remain difficult.

Where it is  possible, efforts should be made to prevent human rights abuses. Therefore, advocacy and enlightenment remain critical. In these two department, the commission did get a good feedback.
 
Notwithstanding these challenges, the NHRC is on course and should not relent in its efforts to bring succor to Nigerians whose rights are trampled upon on a daily basis.

In the past, undue interference by the executive ensured that the Commission remained a toothless bulldog. But the Jonathan administration has done very well by refusing to interfere with the work of the Commission even when comments from the Commission do not favour‎ the executive.

In the past, no government displayed this level of neutrality. For this, the President deserves commendations. First, he signed into law the amendment that enhanced the work of the Commission. Secondly, he refused to interfere or tele-guide the Commission.

The NHRC is mandated to:
(a) deal with all matters relating to the promotion and protection of human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and other international and regional instruments on human rights to which Nigeria is a party;
(b) monitor and investigate all alleged cases of human rights violations in Nigeria and make appropriate recommendations to the Federal Government for the prosecution and such other actions as it may deem expedient in each circumstance;
(c) assist victims of human rights violations and seek appropriate redress and remedies on their behalf;
(d) undertake studies on all matters pertaining to human rights and assist the Federal, State and Local Governments, where it considers it appropriate to do so, in the formulation of appropriate policies on the guarantee of human rights;
(e) publish and submit, from time to time, to the President, the National Assembly, the Judiciary, State and Local Governments, reports on the state of human rights promotion and protection in Nigeria;
(f) organise local and international seminars, workshops and conferences on human rights issues for public enlightenment;
(g) liaise and cooperate, in such a manner as it considers appropriate, with local and international organisations on human rights for the purpose of advancing the promotion and protection of human rights;
(h) participate, in such manner as it considers appropriate, in all international activities relating to the promotion and protection of human rights;
(i) maintain a library, collect data and disseminate information and materials on human rights generally;
(j) receive and investigate complaints concerning violations of human rights and make appropriate determination as may be deemed necessary in each circumstance;
(k) examine any existing legislation, administrative provisions and proposed bills or bye-laws for the purpose of ascertaining whether such enactments or proposed bills or bye-laws are consistent with human rights norms;
(l) prepare and publish, in such a manner as the Commission considers appropriate, guidelines for the avoidance of acts or practices with respect to the functions and powers of the Commission under this Act;
(m) promote an understanding of public discussion of human rights issues in Nigeria;
(n) undertake research and education programmes and such other programmes for promoting and protecting human rights and co-ordinate any such programme on behalf of the Federal, State or Local Government on its own initiative or when so requested by the Federal, State or Local Government and report concerning the enactment of legislation on matters relating to human rights;
(o) on its own initiative or when requested by the Federal, State or Local Government, report on actions that should be taken by the Federal, State or Local Government to comply with the provisions of any relevant international human rights instruments;
(p) refer any matter on human rights violation requiring prosecution to the Attorney-General of the Federation or of a State, as the case may be;
(q) where it considers it appropriate to do so, act as a conciliator between parties to a complaint;
(r) carry out all such other functions as are necessary or expedient for the performance of these functions under the Act.

SOURCE: THISDAY

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